2024 was another banner year for a source of electricity that is better for people's lungs, better for climate change and may be reaching your home when you turn on the lights or turn up the thermostat — large banks of batteries.
This ability to store was essentially nonexistent a decade ago, but the country had about 24 gigawatt-hours operating as of the end of November, up a whopping 71% over the same date in 2023.
This is welcome news to clean energy advocates including Dariella Rodriguez. She has seen what happens on days when demand for air conditioning or heating spikes and extra power plants fueled by natural gas, located in Port Morris and Mott Haven, fire up not far from where she works in Hunts Point in the South Bronx, New York.
Batteries can jolt into service, sending electricity onto overhead wires, instead of these dirty “peaker†plants. Rodriguez hasn't seen that transition yet, but she hopes to.
“The people that are exposed to these plants are the most vulnerable people in environmental justice communities already,†said Rodriguez, a director at THE POINT Community Development Corporation there, noting that lower-income people and communities of color often live near peakers.
The nation’s 1,000 peaker plants can be very dirty, inefficient and expensive, according to by the U.S. Government Accountability Office, a watchdog group that works for the U.S. Congress. Some 63 million people are estimated to of one.
Although peakers run only a small part of the time, they release more harmful nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide per unit of energy, the agency said. Those two pollutants cause asthma and other breathing problems.
Peakers also release more greenhouse gases than other power plants do per unit of electricity.
Batteries are “a really obvious solution†to reducing need for peakers, says Daniel Chu, senior energy planner for the New York City °µÍø½ûÇøal Justice Alliance.
also extends the hours of the day that you can use clean energy.
“It’s not always sunny, the wind’s not always blowing, but energy storage can help move that generation to when it’s most needed,†said Tim Fox, managing director at research firm ClearView Energy Partners.
That's why at least half of battery storage facilities in the U.S. are co-located with, or in some other way support solar, an AP analysis of Energy Information Administration data shows. The amount of solar energy in the U.S. is growing and surpassed the 100-gigawatt mark this year.
Another way that the addition of these batteries is helpful to the American electrical grid and grids around the world is that forecasting is getting more difficult.
“With weather patterns changing, the old ways of essentially figuring out how much capacity you need on the grid for extreme events just doesn’t work,†said Oliver Garnett, director of energy services product at the technology company Fermata Energy.
Last, global electricity demand is slated to increase — by about one-third to three-quarters by 2050, according to the . Data centers for artificial intelligence, switching vehicles to electricity and population growth are all contributing.
“‘Do we have enough power plants?’ is the classic question every utility asks every year,†said Mike Jacobs, senior energy analyst at the science nonprofit Union of Concerned Scientists. “The beauty of the batteries is that if there’s energy in them, they can be used for unexpected needs.â€
Otherwise, if utilities have to find more power generation, they may keep investing in plants that burn gas or coal and account for one-quarter of the , instead of retiring them.
Leading the charge for adding new batteries to the grid this year was California with more than 11 gigawatt-hours operating. One way to think about this is roughly the amount of electricity that a nuclear power plant would put out over 11 hours. Then the batteries would need to be recharged to do the same thing again. It's a limited, but meaningful amount of power. In Texas, 6 gigawatt-hours were online. Arizona saw nearly 2 gigawatt-hours humming and Nevada — the fourth-largest deployer of storage in the U.S. — had 1.1 gigawatt-hours operational.
Some regions are lagging
Yet many states aren't using storage yet. As of November, 86% of large-scale battery storage in the U.S. was operating in just those four states.
Some states haven't set targets telling utilities to go out and build or buy energy storage on their own. Only 18 states have 50 megawatt-hours or more operating.
Others don't have as much clean electricity to pair with the batteries, or claim storage isn’t reliable in times of crisis. It can also be challenging to connect storage to the grid. Still, experts expect more momentum.
Especially in California and Texas, “That investment and that experiment is paying off very well,†said John Hensley, senior vice president of markets and policy analysis at American Clean Power.
“The word is getting out,†he said. “We’re increasingly seeing the technology move to other parts of the country.â€
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Alexa St. John is an Associated Press climate solutions reporter. Follow her on X: . Reach her at ast.john@ap.org.
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