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At the time, security forces in the central African nation fired live ammunition, killing at least 60 people during demonstrations against interim leader Mahamat Deby Itno’s two-year extension of power. The unrest was unprecedented in , which saw little public dissent during the regime of Deby Itno’s father, who ruled for more than three decades .

Hundreds were detained and taken to Koro Toro, about 600 kilometers (around 370 miles) from N'djamena, the capital.

Human Rights Watch called on Chadian authorities, the African Union and United Nations bodies to investigate what it called unlawful detentions, ill treatment at the prison, and deaths in custody.

“The Chadian government must act decisively to address the impunity for these abuses,� said Lewis Mudge, central Africa director at Human Rights Watch, in a statement.

Detainees were unlawfully detained, mistreated and denied basic supplies during the two- to three-day transit to the prison, the report said. Some died along the way.

“The bodies of those who died were thrown out of the trucks,� said a former detainee, whose name was not released, quoted in the report.

Koro Toro prison operates with military oversight. According to the report, its day-to-day administration was delegated to prisoners having links to the , who punished and beat other detainees.

At least hundreds were chained up with iron rods attached to their ankles for up to several weeks, the report said. Some detainees were subjected to prolonged solitary confinement — a form of torture — and forced labor.

“Chadian military officials oversee a prison in which abuse runs rampant,� Mudge said.

Human Rights Watch called for one of the main buildings at Koro Toro to be closed, describing it as unfit for use. The group also urged that the remains of those who died be returned to their families for burial.

The Chadian government and that, given the seriousness, detention at Koro Toro was not extreme.

In a July 2023 letter to Human Rights Watch, Chad’s justice minister said there was “no evidence relating to the violation of human rights related to (the) transfer or detention in Koro-Toro prison.�

Larry Ahmat Haroun, a Chadian activist who was jailed after the elections and freed in June, told The Associated Press that Koro Toro is one of the most dangerous prisons in Chad.

“I’ve seen prisoners who were wounded by bullets left without any care or treatment. People get tortured too," he said, adding that there is no access to phones or visits.

Chad is a part of an African region rocked in recent years by military coups. The , was elected May 6 in a long-delayed vote marred by allegations of the elimination of political opponents, which authorities have denied.

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