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"Overall, we found that the Canada Revenue Agency and Employment and Social Development Canada effectively delivered COVID-19 programs," Hogan said in a news conference.

At the same time, she said the revenue agency and the department have not followed up by verifying those payments.

Hogan estimates $4.6 billion was paid to people who were not eligible, while another $27.4 billion in payments to individuals and businesses should be further investigated.

"Billions of dollars have gone, or may have gone, to ineligible recipients," Hogan said.

The audit found that efforts to recover that money has been limited, with the Canada Revenue Agency collecting $2.3 billion through voluntary repayments.

Pre-payment controls were also lacking, though the report said the government made some changes to those controls for individual benefits.

However, the CRA made few changes to improve controls for businesses to mitigate risks of overpayment.

Hogan also flagged that there was a lack of sufficient data to assess the effectiveness of the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy program.

Although the subsidy did go to businesses in industries hardest hit by the pandemic, the report said the effect of the subsidy on resilience is unclear because the agency collected limited data from businesses.

"The individual supports and programs in question achieved their goals of getting money into the hands of Canadians quickly," said Employment Minister Carla Qualtrough.

When asked whether she regrets not adjusting the wage subsidy program to ensure only eligible businesses received payments, Qualtrough said, "I have no regrets."

Miles Corak, an economics professor at City University of New York, said the auditor's report shows a discrepancy between how benefits were administered for workers and their employers.

"The government was essentially working in the dark in administrating the Canada Emergency Wage (Subsidy)," Corak said.

The report said it's unclear whether the subsidy helped businesses stay afloat because the businesses that existed before the pandemic were different than the ones that existed as of October 2021.

There was also missing data with regard to the workers who were supposed to benefit from the wage subsidy.

The audit could not determine the number of employees who benefited, whether employees stayed with their employers or the exact number of people who were rehired as a result of the subsidy program.

The auditor general has made a set of recommendations to improve the collection of overpayments and to fix data gaps relating to businesses.

Government organizations reviewed in the audit say they have accepted the recommendations, but only partially accepted a recommendation related to recuperating overpayments.

The federal government said it would prioritize which to pursue by weighing the resources necessary with the amount owed.

"It would not be cost effective nor in keeping with international and industry best practices to pursue 100 per cent of all potentially ineligible claims," the response said.

Conservative finance critic Jasraj Singh Hallan called for the federal government to present a plan to recover the overpaid amount.

In a statement, NDP finance critic Daniel Blaikie said people who applied for benefits in good faith and don't have the money to repay the federal government shouldn't be persecuted.

This report by °µÍø½ûÇø was first published Dec. 6, 2022.