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Judge William G. Young said during a hearing that he plans to allow the case to proceed against Interior Secretary Doug Burgum, but will dismiss the action against Trump and cabinet secretaries other than Burgum named as defendants.

He said he thinks states do have standing to sue, which the federal government had argued against. The states can proceed with claims that blocking permits for wind energy projects violates the Administrative Procedure Act, which outlines a detailed process for enacting regulations, but not the Constitution, Young said.

Young said his rulings from the bench were tentative and reserved the right to alter them in writing his formal opinion.

As he set the schedule for future hearings, he said he has had a problem since the beginning of the case — if the plaintiffs win, he said, what can be done? Inevitably, licenses can be withheld so long as there is appropriate, logical support for such action, Young said.

Young said it looks like the president has “bet the country's energy future on fossil fuels. It’s not for this court to question that."

The coalition of attorneys general want the administration to resume considering the permits and ultimately issue a decision one way or the other under applicable laws and well-established standards and timelines, said Turner Smith, from the Massachusetts attorney general’s office.

The coalition sued to ask that a judge declare the executive order unlawful and approve an injunction to stop federal agencies from implementing it. They argued that Trump doesn't have the authority to halt project permitting and doing so jeopardizes the states' economies, energy mix, public health and climate goals.

The government is arguing that the states' claims amount to nothing more than a policy disagreement over preferences for wind versus fossil fuel energy development that is outside the bounds of the federal court's jurisdiction. Department of Justice Attorney Michael Robertson said in court that the wind order paused permitting, but didn't halt it, while the Interior secretary reviews the environmental impact and that this effort is underway. He said he did not know how long the process would take, but that states have not shown that they were harmed by a specific permit not being issued.

Smith countered that the government has provided no end date and that Trump's order imposes a “categorical and indefinite halt." She said states have been harmed and pointed to a offshore wind project for Massachusetts, now pushed back by two years because its three outstanding permits are delayed due to the wind order. She said Massachusetts can't meet its targets for procuring offshore wind energy without the SouthCoast wind project and that “it's impossible to replace this energy.�

Wind is the U.S.' largest source of renewable energy, providing about 10% of the electricity generated in the nation, according to the American Clean Power Association.

Trump prioritizes fossil fuels and said last week that his administration would not approve wind energy projects except in cases of emergency. The administration had ordered a Norwegian company, Equinor, to a fully permitted offshore wind project in New York, though .

Erica Fuller, senior counsel at the Conservation Law Foundation, said after the hearing that it's a win for the states for the case to move forward expeditiously. The nonprofit joined in an amicus brief filed by environmental groups in support of the states.

“We are going to continue our advocacy for the responsible development of affordable wind energy that helps meet our climate goals,� she said.

The coalition includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington state and Washington, D.C.

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